Solved MCQ of E-Commerce and E-Banking Set-1

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">1. The term e-commerce includes ............................<br />A) Electronic trading of Physical goods and intangibles such as information.<br />B) The electronic provision of services such as after sales support or online legal advice<br />C) All the steps involved in trade, such as on-line marketing ordering payment and support for delivery.<br />D) All of the above.<br /><br /><a name="more"></a><br />2. Which of the following is the largest community in classification of e-commerce?<br />A) Business to Business (B to B)<br />B) Business to Consumer (B to C)<br />C) Business to Government (B to G)<br />D) Government to Government (G to G)<br /><br />3. Which of the following is not the example of business to consumer (B to C) e-commerce?<br />A) Amazon.com<br />B) e-bay.com<br />C) dell.com<br />D) lastminute.com<br /><br />4. The types of Business to Business e-commerce are ................<br />A) Direct selling and support to Business<br />B) Industry portals<br />C) Information sites about a industry<br />D) All of the above<br /><br />5. Which of the following are the benefits of E-marketing?<br />i) Speed                                ii) Reach and Penetration<br />iii) Ease and Efficiency           iv) Low Cost<br />v) Targeted audience<br />A) i, ii, iii and iv only<br />B) ii, iii, iv and v only<br />C) i, iii, iv and v only<br />D) All i, ii, iii, iv and v <br /><br />6. ...................... is the process of recreating a design by analyzing a final product.<br />A) Forward Engineering<br />B) Reverse Engineering<br />C) Backward Engineering<br />D) None of the above<br /><br />7. .................. is simply the use of electronic means to transfer funds directly from one account to another, rather than by cheque or cash.<br />A) M-Banking<br />B) O-Banking<br />C) E-Banking<br />D) D-Banking<br /><br />8. The telephone banking service includes ...................<br />i) Automatic balance voice out   ii) Inquiry all term deposit account<br />iii) Direct cash withdraw           iv) Utility Bill payments<br />v) Voice out last five transactions<br />A) i, ii, iii and v only<br />B) i, ii, iv and v only<br />C) ii, iii, iv and v only<br />D) All i, ii, iii, iv and v<br /><br />9. Which of the following are the forms of E-banking?<br />i) Internet Banking                      ii) Telephone Banking<br />iii) Electronic Check conversion   iv) Electronic Bill Payment<br />v) Direct Deposit<br />A) i, ii, iii and iv only<br />B) ii, iii, iv and v only<br />C) i, iii, iv and v only<br />D) All i, ii, iii, iv and v <br /><br />10. What is the full form of SWIFT?<br />A) Society for Worldwide Internet Financial Telecommunications.<br />B) Secret Wide Interbank Financial Telecommunications<br />C) Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications<br />D) None of the Above<br /><br /><h4><span style="font-size: large;">Answers:</span></h4>1.  D) All of the above.<br />2.  A) Business to Business (B to B)<br />3.  B) e-bay.com<br />4.  D) All of the above<br />5.  D) All i, ii, iii, iv and v <br />6.  B) Reverse Engineering <br />7.  C) E-Banking<br />8.  B) i, ii, iv and v only<br />9.  D) All i, ii, iii, iv and v <br />10.D) None of the Above<br /><br /><h2><b><span style="font-size: small;">You Might also view the following Related Posts</span></b></h2><div class="MsoNormal"><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/05/solved-mcq-of-internet-and-html-set-1.html">Solved MCQ of Internet and HTML set-1 </a> </li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/solved-mcq-of-c-set-1_26.html">Solved MCQ of C set-1</a> </li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/solved-mcq-of-data-structure-set-2.html">Solved MCQ of Data Structure Set-2</a>  </li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/solved-mcq-of-data-structure-set-1.html">Solved MCQ of Data Structure Set-1</a> </li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/mcq-of-database-management-system-dbms_11.html">Solved MCQ of Database Management System (DBMS) Set - 3</a> </li></ul><div style="background-color: white;"><h2><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You can view the following</b> <b>other posts</b></span></h2></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white;"><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_28.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/solved-mcq-of-data-structure-set-2.html">Solved MCQ of Data Structure Set - 2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/solved-mcq-of-java-for-java-proficiency.html">Solved MCQ of Java for Java Proficiency test set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3332849087599085574#editor/target=post;postID=6677146666461105703;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname">MCQ of C++ with answer Set-2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/mcq-of-computer-networking-with-answer_17.html">MCQ of Computer Networking with answer set-4</a></li><li style="background-color: white;"><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/solved-mcq-of-database-management-system-dbms.html" target="_blank">Solved MCQ of Database Management System (DBMS) Set - 8</a></li><li> </li></ul><h2><span style="font-size: small;">For other more Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): <a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/p/mcqs.html" link="red">Click Here</a></span></h2></div></div></div>

Solved MCQ of E-Commerce and E-Banking Set-1

1. The term e-commerce includes ............................ A) Electronic trading of Physical goods and intangibles such as information. B)...

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E-commerce Security Issues

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;">First of all e-commerce is surrounded by different issues such as commercial, Network infrastructure, Social and Cultural and Security issues are presented below which are important for successful business. E-commerce security issues are frequently aired in the press and are certainly important. Customers are concerned that the item ordered won’t materialize, or be as described. As (much worse) they worry about their social security number and credit card details being misappropriated. However rare, these things do happen, and customers need to be assured that all e-commerce security issues have been covered. Your guarantees and returns policies must be stated on the website and they must be adhered to. Let us first state the security attacks on e-commerce process and Security goals we want to achieve for successful e-commerce.<br /><br /><a name="more"></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>Attacks on Security</b><br />Security attacks can be classified in the following categories depending on the nature of the attacker.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">      </span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Passive Attacks</b><br />The attacker can only eavesdrop or monitor the network traffic. Typically, this is the easiest form of attack and can be performed without difficulty in many networking environments, e.g. broadcast type networks such as Ethernet and wireless networks.<br /><br /><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">      </span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Active Attacks</b><br />The attacker is not only able to listen to the transmission but is also able to actively alter or obstruct it. Furthermore, depending on the attackers actions, the following subcategories can be used to cover to cover the majority to cover the majority of attacks.<br /><br /><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">       </span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Eavesdropping</b><br />This is attack is used to gain knowledge of the transmitted data. This is passive attack which is easily performed in many networking environments as motioned above. However, this attack can easily perform in many networking environments. However this attack can easily be prevented by using an encryption scheme to protect the transmitted data.<br /><br /><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">      </span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Traffic Analysis</b><br />The main goal of this attack is not to gain direct knowledge about the transmitted data, but to extra information from the characteristics of the transmission, e.g. amount of data transmitted, identity of the communicating nodes etc. This information may allow the attacked to deduce sensitive information, e.g., the roes of the communicating nodes, their position etc. Unlike the previously described attack, this one is more difficult to prevent.<br /><br /><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">      </span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Impersonation</b><br />Here, the attacker uses the identity of another node to gain unauthorized access to resource or data. This attack is often used as a prerequisite to eavesdropping. By impersonating a legitimate node, the attacker can try to gain access to the encryption key used to protect the transmitted data. Once, this key is known by the attacker, she can successfully perform the eavesdropping attack.<br /><br /><br /><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">f)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">       </span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Modification</b><br />This attack modifies data during the transmission between the communicating nodes, implying that the communicating nodes do not share the same view of the transmitted data. An example could be when the transmitted data represents a financial transaction where the attacker has modified the transactions value.<br /><br /><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">g)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">      </span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Insertion</b><br />This attack involves an unauthorized party, who inserts new data claiming that it originates from a legitimate party. This attack is related to that of impersonation.<br /><h2 style="text-align: left;"></h2><h2><span style="font-size: small;">You may also wanted to view the following related posts</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/defining-e-commerce.html">Defining e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/development-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Development of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/classification-of-e-commerce-by.html">Classification of E-commerce by transaction partners</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/definition-of-e-government.html">Definition of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/challenges-and-opportunities-for.html">Challenges and Opportunities for Developing a Successful E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/factors-affecting-success-of-e.html">Factors Affecting the Success of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/e-commerce-security-issues.html" target="_blank">E-commerce Security Issues</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/risk-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Risk of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/benefits-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Benefits of e-commerce</a></li></ul><h2><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You can view the following</b> <b>other posts</b></span></h2></div><ul style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-of-bad-ways-for-building-backlinks.html">List of bad ways for building backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-good-ways-building-quality-backlinks.html">List of good ways of building quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-top-.edu-forums-sites-to-create-quality-backlinks.html" target="_blank">List of top .edu forums or sites to create quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/mcq-of-database-management-system-dbms_11.html">Solved MCQ of Database Management System (DBMS) Set - 3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_28.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/solved-mcq-of-data-structure-set-2.html">Solved MCQ of Data Structure Set - 2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/solved-mcq-of-java-for-java-proficiency.html">Solved MCQ of Java for Java Proficiency test set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3332849087599085574#editor/target=post;postID=6677146666461105703;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname">MCQ of C++ with answer Set-2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/mcq-of-computer-networking-with-answer_17.html">MCQ of Computer Networking with answer set-4</a></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"></ul></div></div>

E-commerce Security Issues

First of all e-commerce is surrounded by different issues such as commercial, Network infrastructure, Social and Cultural and Security issue...

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Risk of e-commerce

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;">As e-commerce evolves, it will present huge risks for those who don’t take advantage of it. The main risk of e-commerce is that the business won’t capitalize on all it has to offer, while the competition moves ahead. The traditional supply chain consists of the manufacturer, the distributor; the traditional supply chain consists of the manufacturer, the distributor, the retailer, and the end consumer. E-commerce is changing this linear view of the supply chain. Instead of goods flowing from one participant to the next, this new online marketplace can connect each participant to the end-consumer. For some links in the supply chain, increased access to customers could be dangerous as partners could even become competitors.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a name="more"></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;">In the physical world today, there are requirements for documents to be in writing and for hand-written signatures. Such requirements need to be translated into the electronic realm with the rapid development of electronic commerce and to resolve questions raised regarding the applicability of such legislation to the unique features of the electronic regime. The advent or e-commerce and the use of the digital medium as an alternative to the physical, have created some novel legal issues where there are no clear answers.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The users of information technology must have trust in the security of information and communication infrastructures, network and systems, in the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data on them, and in the ability to prove the origin and receipt of data. For communication and transactions occurring over a faceless network, there is a need or reliable methods to authenticate a person’s identity and to ensure the integrity of the electronically transmitted documents.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The concepts of a secure electronic record and a secure electronic signature, and the rebuttable presumptions that flow from that status, are thus necessary for a viable system of electronic commerce. In the context of electronic commerce, none of the usual indicators of reliability present in a paper-based transaction (the use of paper, letterhead, etc.) exist, making it difficult to know when one can rely on the integrity and authenticity of an electronic record. This lack of reliability can make proving one’s case in court virtually impossible. Rebuttable presumptions with respect to secure records and secure signatures put a relying partying a position to know, at the time of receipt and/or reliance, whether the message is authentic and the integrity of its contents intact and, equally important, whether it will be able to establish both of these facts in court in the event of subsequent disputes.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;">You may also wanted to view the following related posts</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/defining-e-commerce.html">Defining e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/development-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Development of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/classification-of-e-commerce-by.html">Classification of E-commerce by transaction partners</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/definition-of-e-government.html">Definition of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/challenges-and-opportunities-for.html">Challenges and Opportunities for Developing a Successful E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/factors-affecting-success-of-e.html">Factors Affecting the Success of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/e-commerce-security-issues.html" target="_blank">E-commerce Security Issues</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/risk-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Risk of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/benefits-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Benefits of e-commerce</a></li></ul><h2><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You can view the following</b> <b>other posts</b></span></h2></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-of-bad-ways-for-building-backlinks.html">List of bad ways for building backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-good-ways-building-quality-backlinks.html">List of good ways of building quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-top-.edu-forums-sites-to-create-quality-backlinks.html" target="_blank">List of top .edu forums or sites to create quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/mcq-of-database-management-system-dbms_11.html">Solved MCQ of Database Management System (DBMS) Set - 3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_28.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/solved-mcq-of-data-structure-set-2.html">Solved MCQ of Data Structure Set - 2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/solved-mcq-of-java-for-java-proficiency.html">Solved MCQ of Java for Java Proficiency test set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3332849087599085574#editor/target=post;postID=6677146666461105703;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname">MCQ of C++ with answer Set-2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/mcq-of-computer-networking-with-answer_17.html">MCQ of Computer Networking with answer set-4</a></li></ul></div></div>

Risk of e-commerce

As e-commerce evolves, it will present huge risks for those who don’t take advantage of it. The main risk of e-commerce is that the business...

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Benefits of e-commerce

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">Use of e-commerce technologies helps speed up the flow of information and to eliminate unnecessary human intervention; the computer can now accomplish what computers do better than people process routine business transactions quickly and accurately, 24 hours a day. This in turn, frees up people to handle tasks that computers may never be able to do exercising judgment, creativity, and experience to manage exceptions, solve problems and continually improve business processes.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: justify;">        E-commerce is growing in importance and means unprecedented opportunities for everyone. When a business takes advantage of the power of e-commerce, it will be able to.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name="more"></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">        </span>i.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">            </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Increase customer satisfaction<o:p></o:p></b></div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Internet is always open, even on holidays; business is thus always open, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and 365 days a year. Customers will appreciate the extra access to product updates, shipping details, billing information and more. And since the internet knows no boundaries, customers can shop from home, work, or anywhere they can make a connection. Besides, by connecting the e-commerce and shipping systems, it would be possible to ship products faster and for less money.</div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">      </span>ii.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">            </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Increase sales volumes<o:p></o:p></b></div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The Internet is a new channel to reach new customers. With a web site, a company can automatically become a global provider of goods and services, with an edge over even the largest competitors. Interactive selling is advantageous because a company is no longer limited by shelf-space or inventory concerns but instead offer all products to suit the customers exact specifications.</div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">    </span>iii.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">            </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Decrease costs of doing business<o:p></o:p></b></div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: justify;">E-commerce helps cut out or streamline processes that eat away profits. For instance exchange of information from advertising to availability updates, can add to the cost of sale. However, the web site can be an efficient, cost-effective communication vehicle. Customers can find timely accurate information in one place when they need it. By using e-commerce, everything from purchase orders to funds transfer can be handled faster and more efficiently. Even payment processing and bookkeeping are easier.</div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /><h2><span style="font-size: small;">You may also wanted to view the following related posts</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal"><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/defining-e-commerce.html">Defining e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/development-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Development of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/classification-of-e-commerce-by.html">Classification of E-commerce by transaction partners</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/definition-of-e-government.html">Definition of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/challenges-and-opportunities-for.html">Challenges and Opportunities for Developing a Successful E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/factors-affecting-success-of-e.html">Factors Affecting the Success of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/e-commerce-security-issues.html" target="_blank">E-commerce Security Issues</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/risk-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Risk of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/benefits-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Benefits of e-commerce</a></li></ul><h2><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You can view the following</b> <b>other posts</b></span></h2></div><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-of-bad-ways-for-building-backlinks.html">List of bad ways for building backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-good-ways-building-quality-backlinks.html">List of good ways of building quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-top-.edu-forums-sites-to-create-quality-backlinks.html" target="_blank">List of top .edu forums or sites to create quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/mcq-of-database-management-system-dbms_11.html">Solved MCQ of Database Management System (DBMS) Set - 3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_28.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/solved-mcq-of-data-structure-set-2.html">Solved MCQ of Data Structure Set - 2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/solved-mcq-of-java-for-java-proficiency.html">Solved MCQ of Java for Java Proficiency test set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3332849087599085574#editor/target=post;postID=6677146666461105703;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname">MCQ of C++ with answer Set-2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/mcq-of-computer-networking-with-answer_17.html">MCQ of Computer Networking with answer set-4</a></li></ul></div></div>

Benefits of e-commerce

Use of e-commerce technologies helps speed up the flow of information and to eliminate unnecessary human intervention; the computer can now ...

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Development of e-commerce

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;">Now, most of the companies are using e-commerce technology and going to be used. Even small companies have their own web sites, giving details about their profile, Products and services and are moving up in the e-commerce value chain. Companies that were earlier providing access to information on their respective web sites are now engaging themselves in e-commerce practices. Some of the e-commerce practices which are being done by most of the companies for the development of e-commerce technology for them are as follows.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><h4><b>a) Better Information technology infrastructure</b></h4></div><div style="text-align: justify;">        E-business models are moving from the proprietary ‘Electronic Data Interchange’ (EDI) ‘Specific’ solutions to internet based ‘mass’ solutions. It has more to do with better computer penetration, increase in number of internet users and high-speed connectivity rather than anything else.<br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><h4><b>b) Wider acceptance of online payment system</b></h4></div><div style="text-align: justify;">        Online payment mechanism means ‘payment’ and ‘acceptance’ of virtual money. Any such online payment system requires not only the parties transacting business over the Internet but also a ‘payment gateway’ facilitating such transactions. To begin with, it requires use of credit cards and other modes of online payment using advanced technological tools.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">          Master Card has recently introduced Site Data Protection Service (SDP), a comprehensive set of global e-business security services that proactively protects online merchants from hacker intrusions. It is a satellite communications network. Also credit card companies have come out with a technology that proactively helps prevents and skimming by using the ‘intrinsic noise’ properties of magnetic strip, which are unique for every card, to differentiate between and original and cloned cards.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Apart from credit card based transactions, other proprietary online payment systems to initiate the ‘uninitiated’ to shop on the Internet are:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li><b>Cybercash</b>: Ensuring encrypted passage over the internet for the data card data.</li><li>E-Cash: Issued online for use over the Internet and is stored in an electronic device such as a chip card of computer memory. The person who has purchased such cash can use it online for making payments.</li><li><b>Online Pay:</b> Online Pay allows consumers to shop online without fear of fraud by allowing them to make purchases without giving out information about their credit card or their checking account to the online vendor.</li><li><b>Secure Sockets Layers:</b> It is developed by Netscape, which provides privacy, integrity and authentication through digital certificates. Increasing use of Smart Card has also given fillip to the e-commerce activities. Smart cards store all their information on a chip buried within the card. It works as an electronic purse storing digital money, which could be used over public terminals (Web sites, ATMs, Telephone lines) etc. A new system of credit card transactions over the Internet is being currently developed jointly by Visa and MasterCard with technical assistance from the Internet Information system and cryptology companies like Netscape, IBM. It is known to Secure Electronic Transactions (SET). It is expected that in coming years, SET would become the standard of payment over the Internet. Another important development has the adoption of digital signatures as authentication standards providing integrity, confidentiality and non-repudiation of electronic records. It has paved the way for legal recognition of electronic contracts, an extremely important step in giving legal sanctity to online payment system.</li></ul><h4><b>c) Legal recognition to e-commerce practices.</b> </h4></div><div style="text-align: justify;">      Legal recognition of E-commerce practices has come a long way from the initial adoption of UNCITRAL’s Model Law on Electronic commerce by the General Assembly of the United Nations in early 1997. The purpose of the UNCITRAL Model Law on electronic ecommerce is to encourage the use of electronic commerce and to provide nations with model legislation “governing the use of alternative to paper – based methods of communication and storage of information”. It is based on “fundamental-equivalent” approach and extends notions such as “writing”, “signature” and “original” of traditional paper based requirements to a paperless world. It gives legal acceptance to electronic records and digital signatures. Countries, by adopting the UNCITRAL’s Model Law on Electronic commerce have not only given credence to E-commerce laws globally. The most important element is that the nations’ laws on e-commerce have been based on a similar technology platform, i.e. asymmetric cryptography.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><h4><br /><b>d) Adoption of security standards by the industry</b></h4></div><div style="text-align: justify;">        Business thrives on safety, security and trust whether it is offline or online. The internet being an open, integrated and public system requires far better security coverage than its offline counterpart. It needs an ‘encryption’ technology that provides (i) confidentially (ii) authentication (iii) Integrity (iv) non repudiation and of electronic transactions.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ol><li><b>Confidentiality:</b> The idea that the information should be protected from unauthorized internal as well as external users by making it undecipherable. It uses encryption technology to ‘encrypt’ the information in such a way that only an intended user could ‘decrypt’ the information.</li><li><b>Authentication:</b> It means use of encryption technology to identify the sender of originator of the information. Similarly it should be possible to ensure that the message is sent to the person of whom it is meant.</li><li><b>Integrity:</b> It is to verify that the information, which is received, has not been manipulated during its transmission. On retrieval or receipt at the other end of a communication network the information should appear exactly as it was stored or sent by the sender of originator.</li><li><b>Non-repudiation:</b> It is ensure that sender or originator cannot disown information at a later date. Encryption technologies make it possible to bind messages and message acknowledgements with their originators. </li></ol></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><h2><span style="font-size: small;">You may also wanted to view the following related posts</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal"><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/defining-e-commerce.html">Defining e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/development-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Development of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/classification-of-e-commerce-by.html">Classification of E-commerce by transaction partners</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/definition-of-e-government.html">Definition of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/challenges-and-opportunities-for.html">Challenges and Opportunities for Developing a Successful E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/factors-affecting-success-of-e.html">Factors Affecting the Success of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/e-commerce-security-issues.html" target="_blank">E-commerce Security Issues</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/risk-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Risk of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/benefits-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Benefits of e-commerce</a></li></ul><h2><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You can view the following</b> <b>other posts</b></span></h2></div><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-of-bad-ways-for-building-backlinks.html">List of bad ways for building backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-good-ways-building-quality-backlinks.html">List of good ways of building quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-top-.edu-forums-sites-to-create-quality-backlinks.html" target="_blank">List of top .edu forums or sites to create quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/mcq-of-database-management-system-dbms_11.html">Solved MCQ of Database Management System (DBMS) Set - 3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_28.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/solved-mcq-of-data-structure-set-2.html">Solved MCQ of Data Structure Set - 2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/solved-mcq-of-java-for-java-proficiency.html">Solved MCQ of Java for Java Proficiency test set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3332849087599085574#editor/target=post;postID=6677146666461105703;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname">MCQ of C++ with answer Set-2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/mcq-of-computer-networking-with-answer_17.html">MCQ of Computer Networking with answer set-4</a></li></ul></div></div>

Development of e-commerce

Now, most of the companies are using e-commerce technology and going to be used. Even small companies have their own web sites, giving detai...

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Factors Affecting the Success of E-Government

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />For successful E-government endeavor, two critical requirements are needed: availability and accessibility. E-government transactions have to be available 24/7. This provides citizens, partners and employees with the flexibility to process transactions outside standard government office hours. With the inclusion of websites of E-governments, and E-government website needs to satisfy this “high availability” requirement. Also, the E-government endeavor is critically dependent on the accessibility of its integral websites. If the website is not accessible to the intended target users it will not be successful. The causes of failure of the E-government program in developing countries are:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><br /><a name="more"></a><br /><br /><ul><li> Lack of training schemes and qualified staff, which makes it hard to go with such a new trend like E-government. </li><li> Lack of educating citizens about the value and benefits of E-government, that the government itself should play the main role in this issue. </li><li> Lack of change management efforts. </li><li> High turnover rates of government IT staff because of noncompetitive payment and employment conditions as compared to private sector. </li><li> Lack of public sector skills, and as a result E-government projects are often outsourced to the private sector. </li><li> Large design-reality gaps as a result of using and off-the-shelf solution from an industrialized country for a developing country. </li><li> The need of appropriate infrastructure that means that weak infrastructure will be the first obstacle in employing the E-government program. </li><li>· The large gap between the skilled leaders who can afford technology, and the unskillful poor who can’t afford the same.</li></ul><div><br /><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">You may also wanted to view the following related posts</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/defining-e-commerce.html">Defining e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/development-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Development of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/classification-of-e-commerce-by.html">Classification of E-commerce by transaction partners</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/definition-of-e-government.html">Definition of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/challenges-and-opportunities-for.html">Challenges and Opportunities for Developing a Successful E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/factors-affecting-success-of-e.html">Factors Affecting the Success of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/e-commerce-security-issues.html" target="_blank">E-commerce Security Issues</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/risk-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Risk of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/benefits-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Benefits of e-commerce</a></li></ul><h2><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You can view the following</b> <b>other posts</b></span></h2></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-of-bad-ways-for-building-backlinks.html">List of bad ways for building backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-good-ways-building-quality-backlinks.html">List of good ways of building quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-top-.edu-forums-sites-to-create-quality-backlinks.html" target="_blank">List of top .edu forums or sites to create quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/mcq-of-database-management-system-dbms_11.html">Solved MCQ of Database Management System (DBMS) Set - 3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_28.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/solved-mcq-of-data-structure-set-2.html">Solved MCQ of Data Structure Set - 2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/solved-mcq-of-java-for-java-proficiency.html">Solved MCQ of Java for Java Proficiency test set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3332849087599085574#editor/target=post;postID=6677146666461105703;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname">MCQ of C++ with answer Set-2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/mcq-of-computer-networking-with-answer_17.html">MCQ of Computer Networking with answer set-4</a></li></ul></div><div><br /></div></div>

Factors Affecting the Success of E-Government

For successful E-government endeavor, two critical requirements are needed: availability and accessibility. E-government transactions have t...

Read more »

Challenges and Opportunities for Developing a Successful E-Government

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;">E-government initiatives aimed at raising the level of government performance in general, where the proper application of these initiatives lead to upgrade the governmental services provided to citizens and the private sector and enhance the effectiveness of government work internally, in addition to broadening the participation of citizens in decision-making process. However, many studies indicate that a large proportion of initiatives to implement E-government around the world did not succeed in achieving these promised goals. There are, in fact, global consensuses on the existence of the need for deeper studies to understand the real reasons behind this failure, but in spite of higher percentage E-government projects that failed to achieve its goals globally, the world is witnessing a comprehensive consensus recognizes that failed to achieve its goals globally, the world is witnessing a comprehensive consensus recognizes that there is still the possibility of E-government initiatives to fulfill their all promises, but the underlying potential of these initiatives will only be achieved through access to a better understanding of the obstacles they faced and therefore to work out ways to overcome these obstacles. The most challenges that are expected to be faced during the implementation of an E-government program have been summarized below. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>1. Infrastructure Development: </b>All countries implementing E-government have struggled to develop a basic infrastructure to take advantage of new technologies and communications tools. Many developing countries, even if possessing the will, do not have the infrastructure necessary to immediately deploy E-government services throughout their territory. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Recommendations: </b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li>Develop projects that are compatible with the nation’s telecom infrastructure. </li><li>Introduce telecom competition and lift regulation on wireless and other digital technologies to accelerate their deployment. </li><li>Consider the government’s current use of technology and learn from past success and failures. </li><li>Establish and action framework at the beginning of the process to allow for a rational and coordinated investment effort downs the road. </li></ul></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>2. Law and Public Policy:</b> The application of information Technology and Communication (ICT) to government may encounter legal or policy barriers. Legislatures must ensure the laws are updated to recognize electronic documents and transactions. Policy makers implementing E-government must consider the impact of law and public policy. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Recommendations: </b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li>Consult with stakeholders to access how existing laws may impede the desired results. </li><li>Give legal status to online publication of government information. </li><li>Clarify laws and regulations to allow electronic filings with government agencies. </li><li>Reform processes by simplifying regulations and procedures. </li></ul></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>3. Digital Divide:</b> The digital divide is the gap between people who have access to the Internet and those who do not. Those without access cannot access information that can provide economic opportunities, and cannot share in the benefits of E-government. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Recommendations: </b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li> Provide communal access through village computer centers. </li><li> Combine access with training. </li><li> Provide incentives to the private sector to donate equipment and training. </li><li> Emphasize local language and content tailored to different communities. </li><li> Use for-profit entrepreneurs to build and sustain access points in small communities. </li></ul></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>4. E-Literacy:</b> E- Literacy refers to marginalized groups who are unable to make use of information and communication technologies because they are not computer literate. With the digital revolution there is a very real danger that the world will be divided into the “information rich” and the “information poor”. E-government has the potential of either equalizing access to government and its services or increasing the barriers to participation. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Recommendations: </b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li> Ensure that content is in local languages and that interfaces are easy to use. </li><li> Develop applications that use speech or pictures in addition to, or instead of, written text. </li><li> Include and educational component in E-government projects. </li><li> Create programs that include traditional media, like radio programs or newspaper columns, where citizens can learn about E-government. </li><li> Special attention should be given to groups difficult to integrate (women, elderly, immigrants).</li></ul></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><h2><span style="font-size: small;">You may also wanted to view the following related posts</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal"><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/defining-e-commerce.html">Defining e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/development-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Development of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/classification-of-e-commerce-by.html">Classification of E-commerce by transaction partners</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/definition-of-e-government.html">Definition of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/challenges-and-opportunities-for.html">Challenges and Opportunities for Developing a Successful E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/factors-affecting-success-of-e.html">Factors Affecting the Success of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/e-commerce-security-issues.html" target="_blank">E-commerce Security Issues</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/risk-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Risk of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/benefits-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Benefits of e-commerce</a></li></ul><h2><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You can view the following</b> <b>other posts</b></span></h2></div><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-of-bad-ways-for-building-backlinks.html">List of bad ways for building backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-good-ways-building-quality-backlinks.html">List of good ways of building quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-top-.edu-forums-sites-to-create-quality-backlinks.html" target="_blank">List of top .edu forums or sites to create quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/mcq-of-database-management-system-dbms_11.html">Solved MCQ of Database Management System (DBMS) Set - 3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_28.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/solved-mcq-of-data-structure-set-2.html">Solved MCQ of Data Structure Set - 2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/solved-mcq-of-java-for-java-proficiency.html">Solved MCQ of Java for Java Proficiency test set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3332849087599085574#editor/target=post;postID=6677146666461105703;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname">MCQ of C++ with answer Set-2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/mcq-of-computer-networking-with-answer_17.html">MCQ of Computer Networking with answer set-4</a></li></ul></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></div>

Challenges and Opportunities for Developing a Successful E-Government

E-government initiatives aimed at raising the level of government performance in general, where the proper application of these initiatives ...

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Definition of E-Government

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;">E-government is an idea raised by former U.S. vice president (AI Gore), within his vision of linking the citizen to the various agencies of government for getting all kinds of government services in an automated way, in addition to the completion of the government working itself depending on information and communication with network to reduce costs improve performance, speed of delivery and effectiveness of implementation.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Electronic government as government use of information communication technologies to offer for citizens and business the opportunity to interact and conduct business with government by using different electronic media such as telephone touch pad, fax, smart cards, self-service kiosks, e-mail/Internet, and EDI. It is about how government organizes itself; its administration, rules, regulation and frameworks set out to carry out service delivery and to co-ordinate, communicate and integrate process within itself.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Another definition of E-government was presented by United Nation’s website to be “E-government refers to the use of information and communication Technologies (ICT) Such as Wide Area Networks, the Internet, and mobile computing by government agencies”. While OECD noted that Electronic government refers to the use of information and communication technologies, and particularly the Internet, as a tool to achieve better government.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><b>Maturity of E-Governmen</b>t<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">In the concept of government in general, as well as of E-government, we can distinguish between 3 groups’: citizens, business and services, and government and citizen, G2B denote the transaction between different government units. Most of the governments begin to provide information across direct on-line, but the public needs require quick more services and usually take this form gradually. E-government becomes more widespread; one is beginning to see the progress through six stages. Not all governments will reach all stages, and there will be much diversity within a government, with different agencies at different stages. The stages are:</div>1. Using internal network and setting up and email system.<br />2. Enabling inter-organizational and public access to information<br />3. Allowing 2-way communication<br />4. Allowing exchange of value<br />5. Digital democracy<br />6. Joined-up government<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Implementing E-government is a continuing process, and most often the development is conceptualized in stages. The widely known maturity model suggested by Layne and Lee (Layne and Lee, 2001), who sees E-government as an evolutionary phenomenon, from which E-government initiatives should be derived and implemented. They assume four stages of growth model for E-government:</div><br />1. Cataloguing:<br /><ul><li>Online Presence</li><li>Catalogue Presentation</li><li> Downloadable Forms</li></ul>2. Transaction:<br /><ul><li>Services and Forms Online</li><li>Working Database</li><li> Supporting Online Transactions</li></ul>3. Vertical integration:<br /><div><ul><li> Local System linked to higher level system within similar functionalities.</li></ul>4. Horizontal integration:<br /><ul><li> System integrated across different functions</li><li> Real one stop shopping for citizens</li></ul><br /><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">You may also wanted to view the following related posts</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/defining-e-commerce.html">Defining e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/development-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Development of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/classification-of-e-commerce-by.html">Classification of E-commerce by transaction partners</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/definition-of-e-government.html">Definition of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/challenges-and-opportunities-for.html">Challenges and Opportunities for Developing a Successful E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/factors-affecting-success-of-e.html">Factors Affecting the Success of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/e-commerce-security-issues.html" target="_blank">E-commerce Security Issues</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/risk-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Risk of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/benefits-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Benefits of e-commerce</a></li></ul><h2><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You can view the following</b> <b>other posts</b></span></h2></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-of-bad-ways-for-building-backlinks.html">List of bad ways for building backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-good-ways-building-quality-backlinks.html">List of good ways of building quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-top-.edu-forums-sites-to-create-quality-backlinks.html" target="_blank">List of top .edu forums or sites to create quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/mcq-of-database-management-system-dbms_11.html">Solved MCQ of Database Management System (DBMS) Set - 3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_28.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/solved-mcq-of-data-structure-set-2.html">Solved MCQ of Data Structure Set - 2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/solved-mcq-of-java-for-java-proficiency.html">Solved MCQ of Java for Java Proficiency test set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3332849087599085574#editor/target=post;postID=6677146666461105703;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname">MCQ of C++ with answer Set-2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/mcq-of-computer-networking-with-answer_17.html">MCQ of Computer Networking with answer set-4</a></li></ul></div></div>

Definition of E-Government

E-government is an idea raised by former U.S. vice president (AI Gore), within his vision of linking the citizen to the various agencies of ...

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Classification of E-commerce by transaction partners

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Following are the Classification of E-commerce by transaction partners.<br /><br /><b>i) Business-to-business (B2B)</b><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">     Business-to-business (B2B) is the exchange of products, services or information between business entities. Web based B-to-B includes:</div><div><ul><li style="text-align: justify;"> <i>Direct selling and support to business</i>: In which customers can by and also get technical support from the business.</li><li style="text-align: justify;"> <i>E-procurement</i> (also known as industry portals): Where a purchasing agent can shop for supplies from vendors, request proposals, and in some cases, bid to make a purchase at a desired price.</li><li style="text-align: justify;"><i> Information sites:</i> It provides information about a particular industry for its companies and their employees. These include specialized search sites and trade and industry standards organization sites.</li></ul><b>ii) Business-to-consumer (B2C)</b></div><div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">     The exchange of products, information or services between business and consumers in a retailing relationship. Some of the first examples of B-to-C e-commerce were amazon.com and dell.com in the USA and lastminutes.com in the UK. In this case, the 'c' represents either consumer or customer. </div></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>iii) Business-to-Government(B2G)</b></div></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The exchange of information, services and products between business organizations and government agencies on-line. This may include.</div><ul><li style="text-align: justify;">E-procurement services: In which business learn about purchasing needs of agencies and provide services.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">A virtual workplace: In which business and government agency could coordinate the work on a contracted project by collaborating on-line to coordinate on-line meetings, review plans and manage progress.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Rental of on-line application and databases: These are especially for use by government agencies.</li></ul><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>iv) Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> In this category consumers interact directly with other consumers. They exchange information such as.</div><ul><li style="text-align: justify;"> Expert knowledge: Where one person asks a question about anything and gets an e-mail reply from the community of other individuals, as in the case of the New York Times-affiliated abuzz.com website.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">·Opinions: About companies and products, for example epinions.com</li></ul><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>v) Government-to-Business (G2B)</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">      The exchange of information, services and products between government agencies and business organizations. Government sites now enable the exchange between government and business of:</div><ul><li style="text-align: justify;">Information, guidance and advice for business on international trading, sources of funding and support, facilities.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">A database of laws, regulations and government policy for industry sectors.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">On-line application and submission of official forms.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">On-line payment facilities.</li></ul><div style="text-align: justify;">This improves accuracy, increases speed and reduces costs, so businesses are given financial incentives to use electronic-form submission and payment facilities.</div></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>vi) Government-to-Consumer (G2C)</b></div></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Government sites offering information, forms and facilities to conduct transactions of individuals, including paying bills and submitting official forms on-line such as tax returns.</div></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>vii) Government-to-Government (G2G)</b></div></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Government-to-government transactions within countries linking local governments together and also international governments. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><br /><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">You may also wanted to view the following related posts</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/defining-e-commerce.html">Defining e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/development-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Development of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/classification-of-e-commerce-by.html">Classification of E-commerce by transaction partners</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/definition-of-e-government.html">Definition of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/challenges-and-opportunities-for.html">Challenges and Opportunities for Developing a Successful E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/factors-affecting-success-of-e.html">Factors Affecting the Success of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/e-commerce-security-issues.html" target="_blank">E-commerce Security Issues</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/risk-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Risk of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/benefits-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Benefits of e-commerce</a></li></ul><h2><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You can view the following</b> <b>other posts</b></span></h2></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-of-bad-ways-for-building-backlinks.html">List of bad ways for building backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-good-ways-building-quality-backlinks.html">List of good ways of building quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-top-.edu-forums-sites-to-create-quality-backlinks.html" target="_blank">List of top .edu forums or sites to create quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/mcq-of-database-management-system-dbms_11.html">Solved MCQ of Database Management System (DBMS) Set - 3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_28.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/solved-mcq-of-data-structure-set-2.html">Solved MCQ of Data Structure Set - 2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/solved-mcq-of-java-for-java-proficiency.html">Solved MCQ of Java for Java Proficiency test set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3332849087599085574#editor/target=post;postID=6677146666461105703;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname">MCQ of C++ with answer Set-2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/mcq-of-computer-networking-with-answer_17.html">MCQ of Computer Networking with answer set-4</a></li></ul></div></div>

Classification of E-commerce by transaction partners

Following are the Classification of E-commerce by transaction partners. i) Business-to-business (B2B)      Business-to-bus...

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Defining e-commerce

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;">E-commerce is a new way of conducting, managing an executing business transactions using modern information technology. E-commerce is a ‘commerce based on bytes’. E-commerce, defined simply, is the commercial transaction of services in an electronic format. In general terms, e-commercial is a business methodology that addresses the needs of organizations, traders and consumers to reduce costs while improving the quality of goods and services and increasing the speed of service delivery. It may also be referred to as the paperless exchange of business information using Electronic Data Interchange, Electronic Fund Transfer etc. E-commerce is not only about simple transactions of data but also general commercial acts such as publicity, advertisements, negotiations contracts and fund settlements. It refers to all forms of transactions relating to commercial activities including both organizations and individuals that are based upon the processing and transmission of digitized data, including text sound and visual images. E-commerce is thus a business practice and involves use of computers, computer system or computer networks. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">      The World Trade Organization (WTO) Ministerial Declaration on E-commerce defines e-commerce as, “the production, distribution, marketing, sales of delivery of goods and services by electronic means”. The six main instruments of e-commerce that have been recognized by WTO are telephone, fax, TV, electronic payment and money transfer systems, EDI (electronic data interchange) and the internet. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">    EDI is the electronic transfer of standardized business transaction between a sender and receiver computer, over some kind of private network or Value Added Network (VAN). EDI was developed to integrate information across larger parts of an organization's value chain from design to maintenance so that manufacturers could share information with designers, maintenance and other partners and stakeholders.<br /><br />    E-commerce has provided us a medium to facilitate commercial transactions in an efficient manner. Companies have moved up in the value chain by adopting the e-commerce practices. It should not be forgotten that every adoption of a new technology and new process would mean new ‘costs’ and ‘risks’. That is, adoption may or may not be successful. If the adoption is successful, then it becomes and established business practice in no time. If the If the adoption is unsuccessful then it is likely that the process of adoption may take some time, as the ‘learning’ phase is still not over. The first phase of e-commerce threw up a new business nomenclature using various permutations and combinations of ‘Business’ and ‘Consumers’, like ‘Business-to-Business’ (B2B), ‘Business-to-Consumer’ (B2C), ‘Consumer-to-Business’ (C2B) and ‘Consumer-to-Consumer’ (C2C).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>What about E-Business?</b><br /><br />As with e-commerce, e-business(electronic business) also has a number of different definitions and is used in a number of different contexts. Today, major corporations are rethinking their businesses in terms of the Internet an its new culture and capabilities and this is what some see as e-business.<br /><br /><br />E-business is the conduct of business on the Internet, not only buying and selling but also servicing customers and selling but also servicing customers and collaborating wit business partners.<br /><br />E-business includes customer service (e-service) and intra-business tasks.<br /><br />E-business is the transformation of key business process through the use of Internet technologies. An e-business is a company that can adapt to constant and continual change.<br /><br /><br /><h2><span style="font-size: small;">You may also wanted to view the following related posts</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal"><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/defining-e-commerce.html">Defining e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/development-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Development of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/classification-of-e-commerce-by.html">Classification of E-commerce by transaction partners</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/definition-of-e-government.html">Definition of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/challenges-and-opportunities-for.html">Challenges and Opportunities for Developing a Successful E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/factors-affecting-success-of-e.html">Factors Affecting the Success of E-Government</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/e-commerce-security-issues.html" target="_blank">E-commerce Security Issues</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/risk-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Risk of e-commerce</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/benefits-of-e-commerce.html" target="_blank">Benefits of e-commerce</a></li></ul><h2><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You can view the following</b> <b>other posts</b></span></h2></div><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-of-bad-ways-for-building-backlinks.html">List of bad ways for building backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-good-ways-building-quality-backlinks.html">List of good ways of building quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/03/list-top-.edu-forums-sites-to-create-quality-backlinks.html" target="_blank">List of top .edu forums or sites to create quality backlinks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/mcq-of-database-management-system-dbms_11.html">Solved MCQ of Database Management System (DBMS) Set - 3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_28.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/solved-mcq-of-data-structure-set-2.html">Solved MCQ of Data Structure Set - 2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/solved-mcq-of-java-for-java-proficiency.html">Solved MCQ of Java for Java Proficiency test set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3332849087599085574#editor/target=post;postID=6677146666461105703;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname">MCQ of C++ with answer Set-2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/mcq-of-computer-networking-with-answer_17.html">MCQ of Computer Networking with answer set-4</a></li></ul></div></div>

Defining e-commerce

E-commerce is a new way of conducting, managing an executing business transactions using modern information technology. E-commerce is a ‘com...

Read more »